King+Lear+Literary+Terms

 How to cite dramatic works:
 * Each person find 3 literary terms in the act
 * State the quote where the literary term is found make sure that it is properly cited
 * Explain how the literary term is used and why it is used

 Copy paste your quotations here. Follow these instructions from the MLA Handbook 6th Edition for how to quote a dramatic work:

If you quote dialogue between two or more characters in a play, set the quotation off from your text. Begin each part of the dialogue with the appropriate character's name indented one inch .. from the left margin and written in all capital letters: HAMLET. Follow the name with a period, and start the quotation. Indent all subsequent lines in that characters' speech an additional quarter inch (or three spaces). When the dialogue shifts to another character, start a new line indented one inch (or ten spaces) from the left margin. Maintain this pattern throughout the entire quotation. [ Remember to follow the format of the original text. If a line starts next to the character's name, you should start it there too. If the text starts in the middle of the line, yours should too. If the text starts at the end of the line, yours should too. To cite where the line comes from, your parenthesis should have (act.scene.line-line) NO SPACES ] A short time later Lear loses the final symbol of his former power, the soldiers who make up his train: GONERIL. Hear me, my lord. What need you five-and-twenty, ten or five, To follow in a house where twice so many Have a command to tend you? REGAN. What need one? LEAR. O, Reason not the need! (2.4.300-305)

( Wikispace WILL NOT let me format this the way I want you guys to. I will try it later and explain it to you in class. GRRR!)  Works Cited: Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Sixth Edition. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003.

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by: Maria Renee Simon Sparklenotes Act 5: Literary Terms:

1. Symbolism: “Met I my father with his bleeding rings, Their precious stones new lost, became his guide, Led him, begged for him, saved him from despair. Never—O fault!—revealed myself unto him” (5.3.225-228) Shakespeare used symbolism to show that Gloucester’s blindness was a symbol for his naïve actions while judging his sons. He believed his illegitimate son before even asking Edgar if it was true. His blind judgments cause stress and sorrow in his life. At the beginning of King Lear, Gloucester was blind about the real personality of Edmund. Shakespeare’s use of literary terms such as symbolism is what makes the novel more interesting.

2. Personification: “Vex not his ghost. O, let him pass. He hated him That would upon the rack of this tough world Stretch him out longe.” (5.3.331-333) Shakespeare uses personification by giving Lear’s soul the roll of a human. Kent is telling Edgar not to bother Lear’s soul because it will return to torture him. Personifications used in this example to explain well the situation and the beliefs of the characters. This literary term also describes Kent’s ideas and Edgar’s sorrow towards the death of Lear.

3. Mood: “A plague upon you, murderers, traitors all! I might have saved her. Now she’s gone for ever.— Cordelia, Cordelia, stay a little. Ha? What is ’t thou say’st?—Her voice was ever soft, Gentle and low, an excellent thing in woman.— I killed the slave that was a-hanging thee.” (5.3.282-287) The mood in Act 5 is definitely madness and irony. Every body is dying and the people who are still alive are becoming crazy. For example, as shown in the quote, Lear has gone to a point were he’s going crazy after Cordelia’s death. He knows he did a mistake that caused his and other’s death. After so much sorrow and grave from the death of his daughter he dies of craziness and gloom. Gloucester s wildly mad and confused after realizing his legitimate son was the beggar who nursed him and dies of so much confusion and sadness. Even Goneril becomes crazy and poisons her sister and kills herself. What is truly ironic about the situation is that everyone became crazy except Edgar or “Poor Tom” who supposedly was the only crazy character in the book.

By: Victoria Bendeck Literary Term #1:

"King Lear hath lost, he and his daughter ta'en.Give me thy hand." (5.2.6-7)

This quote is said by Edgar, when he finds out that King Lear has lost the battle. The Battle between France and England is a symbol. It represents the failure or doom of a country with no leader and no guide. It is just like a puppet with no puppetier. This whole "battle starts when King Lear hands down his crown to his power vicious daughters. Literary Term #2: REGAN. Now, sweet lord, You know the goodness I intend upon you. Tell me but truly - but then speak the truth - Do you not love my sisters? EDMUND. In honored love. REGAN. But have you never found my brother's way To the forfended place? EDMUND. That thought abuses you REGAN. I am doubtful that you have been conjunct and bosomed with her as far as we call hers. (5.1.7-14)

This conversation between Edgar and Regan shows a tone of possible betrayal. Regan is not sure what to believe, she is doubtful of Edmund's love towards her. She is scared and mad with him, and questions if he is also seeing and maybe even sleeping with her sister Goneril. A tone of treason holds on throughou t.

Literary Term #3:

"To both these sisters have I sworn my love,Each jealous of the other as the stungAre of the adder. Which of them shall I take?Both? One? Or neither? Neither can be enjoyedIf both remain alive. To take the widowExasperates, makes mad her sister Goneril,And hardly shall I carry out my side,Her husband being alive. Now, then, we’ll useHis countenance for the battle, which being done,Let her who would be rid of him deviseHis speedy taking off. As for the mercyWhich he intends to Lear and to Cordelia,The battle done and they within our power,Shall never see his pardon, for my stateStands on me to defend, not to debate" (5.1.63-75) This is a great example of o soliloquy. Edgar is speaking with himself as he is making plans for the future. This soliloquy at the same time demonstrates a bit of foreshadowing, that conflict is extremely close. The sisters will be up to something as is Edmund.

REBECCA BREVE: GONERIL. Mean you to enjoy him? ALBANY. The let-alone lies not in your good will. EDMUND. Nor in thine, lord. ALBANY. Half-blooded fellow, yes. REGAN. (to Edmund) Let the drum strike, and prove my title thine. ALBANY. Stay yet, hear reason. –Edmund, I arrest thee On capital treason; and, in thine attaint, This gilded serpent. –For claim, fair sister I bar it in the interest of my wife. ‘Tis she is subcontracted to this lord, And I, her husband, contradict your banns. If you will marry, make your loves to me. My lady is bespoke. [GONERIL. An interlude!] (5.3.93-106) This displays the literary term, conflict, because there is a constant fighting between these four characters towards the end of the book. The two sisters, Regan and Goneril, are in conflict because they both are Edmund’s lovers, and in this part they confront each other and end up killing each other. Albany is in conflict with these three characters because of their malignity and he wants to get rid of them. EDGAR. [ giving him a paper] Before you fight the battle, ope this letter. If you have victory, let the trumpet sound For him that brought it. Wretched though I seem, I can produce a champion that will prove What is avouched there. If you miscarry, Your business of the world hath so an end, And machination ceases. Fortune love you. ALBANY. Stay till I have read the letter. EDGAR. I was forbid it. When time shall serve, let but the herald cry And I’ll appear again. (5.1.46-56)
 * CONFLICT **
 * Foreshadowing **

This displays the literary term of foreshadowing because by reading this passage you can imagine what will happen in the future of this book. It foreshadows that soon when France has lost, Edgar will return to make justice for what the card explains about his brother’s affairs with the two sisters. It also foreshadows that many characters are going to die in this battle. EDGAR . By nursing them, my lord. List a brief tale, And when ’tis told, O, that my heart would burst! The bloody proclamation to escape That followed me so near—O, our lives' sweetness, That we the pain of death would hourly die Rather than die at once!—taught me to shift Into a madman’s rags, t' assume a semblance That very dogs disdained, and in this habit Met I my father with his bleeding rings, Their precious stones new lost; became his guide, Led him, begged for him, saved him from despair. Never—O fault!—revealed myself unto him Until some half-hour past, when I was armed. Not sure, though hoping of this good success, I asked his blessing, and from first to last Told him my pilgrimage. But his flawed heart (Alack, too weak the conflict to support) 'Twixt two extremes of passion, joy and grief, Burst smilingly. EDMUND. This speech of yours hath moved me, And shall perchance do good. But speak you on. You look as you had something more to say. (5.3.217-238)
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">CHARACTERISATION **

This displays the literary term characterization because it characterized what the character looked like some days before, what he was doing and precisely how he was doing it. It also lets the character speak for a long time revealing not only his actions but also his thoughts. At the end it also displays the reaction of the other character.

** Sebastian M. ** There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully in the confinèd deep. Bring me but to the very brim of it, And I’ll repair the misery thou dost bear With something rich about me. From that place I shall no leading need.
 * GLOUCESTER **

Foreshadow of Gloucester doing suicide. [] No Fear Shakespeare

There were no outbursts. She was struggling between emotion and self-control. You’ve seen how it can rain while the sun shines? That’s how she was, smiling and crying at once, only more lovely. The little smile on her full lips didn’t seem aware of the tears that were dropping like diamonds from her pearly eyes. If everyone looked so lovely in their sorrow, then sorrow would be highly prized.
 * GENTLEMAN **

Imagery of Queen Cordelia and how she looks and feels. [] No Fear Shakespeare Alack, ’tis he. Why, he was met even now As mad as the vexed sea, singing aloud, Crowned with rank fumiter and furrow-weeds, With burdocks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers, Darnel, and all the idle weeds that grow In our sustaining corn.—A century send forth. Search every acre in the high-grown field, And bring him to our eye. Personification of the state in which Lear is in. [] No Fear Shakespeare sebastian
 * CORDELIA **

Andres Facusse There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully in the confinèd deep. Bring me but to the very brim of it, And I’ll repair the misery thou dost bear With something rich about me. From that place I shall no leading need. <span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; msobidifontsize: 8.0pt;">Here Shakespeare gives us a hint using foreshadowing by making Gloucester say that he will need no lead because he is about to suicide through his misery. [] Sparknotes
 * GLOUCESTER **

Bad people can’t appreciate wisdom or goodness. They only like things as bad as themselves. What have you two sisters done? You’re tigers, not daughters. – Shakespeare is very good at giving examples and here he gives us an imagery stating that the daughters of King Lear are tigers because of what they are doing to Lear.
 * ALBANY **

[] <span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; msobidifontsize: 8.0pt;">Sparknotes

// (to // GLOUCESTER//)// O my good lord, I have been your tenant and your father’s tenant these fourscore years. This part of the text is a characterization because the Old Man describes himself as the servant of Edgar and his father Gloucester. [] Sparknotes
 * OLD MAN **

Characterization Still, I’m better off now, as a beggar who is openly hated, than when I was flattered to my face hated in secret. The lowliest and most dejected creatures live without fear and still harbor hope. The worst kind of change is when good fortune turns sour. At the bottom, any change is for the better. So I welcome this wind freely. I’ve sunk as far down as I can go, so I’ve got nothing more to fear from the weather. Shakespeare has characterization here because Edgar is contemplating of how he has become a beggar and how he has a new life. Spark Notes No Fear Shakespeare http://nfs.sparknotes.com/lear/page_200.html
 * EDGAR **

Personification Goneril, you aren’t worth the dust the wind blows in your face. I don’t trust you. You can’t trust anyone who abuses her own father, her flesh and blood. A woman who breaks off relations with her bloodline is like a branch that tries to break away from the tree. She will wither and come to a bad end. Personification can be seen here because the wind that blows in the face of Goneril according to Albany is something very important and worth having. Albany does not think Goneril deserves this. Spark Notes No Fear Shakespeare [] Imagery Bad people can’t appreciate wisdom or goodness. They only like things as bad as themselves. What have you two sisters done? You’re tigers, not daughters. Barbaric degenerates, you’ve driven insane a kindly old father, whom even an angry bear would treat gent-ly. Could my good brother-in-law—a man to whom the king gave half his kingdom—have allowed you to do it? If the heavens don’t punish these crimes immediately, the end will come. Human beings will become cannibals, like ravenous sea fishes. Imagery is present because Albany states clearly that he sees the daughters of the King as animals that do not deserve the most tiny level of respect. He thinks that humans are so far off that they will become animals any time soon. No Fear Shakespeare Spark Notes http://nfs.sparknotes.com/lear/page_212.html
 * ALBANY **
 * ALBANY **

DANIEL RIVERA

rebecca hirsch: “Contending with the fretful elements. Bids the winds blow the earth into the sea Or swell the curlèd water 'bove the main, That things might change or cease. Tears his white hair,
 * GENTLEMAN:**

Which the impetuous blasts, with eyeless rage, Catch in their fury and make nothing of. Strives in his little world of man to outscorn The to-and-fro–conflicting wind and rain. This night—wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch, The lion and the belly-pinchèd wolf Keep their fur dry—unbonneted he runs, And bids what will take all” (3.4.5-15).


 * Personification:** This is a very clear example of personification especially when Shakespeare mentions, “tears his white hair”. In this sentence the author is trying to explain how King Lear is trying to fight against the storm and his daughters with all his strength even though he is weak and old. Another apparent example of personification is “ Bids the winds blow the earth into the sea”. This personification is saying the wind is blowing the earth into the sea but is really trying to say King Lear wants the Earth to return to chaos and all the problems to end.

Fool: “This is a brave night to cool a courtesan. I’ll speak a prophecy ere I go. When priests are more in word than matter, When brewers mar their malt with water, When nobles are their tailors' tutors, No heretics burned but wenches' suitors, When every case in law is right, No squire in debt nor no poor knight, When slanders do not live in tongues, Nor cutpurses come not to throngs, When usurers tell their gold i' th' field, And bawds and whores do churches build— Then shall the realm of Albion Come to great confusion. Then comes the time, who lives to see ’t, That going shall be used with feet. This prophecy Merlin shall make, for I live before his time” (3.3.90-100).


 * Soliloquy:** This literary term is present when the Fool is describing and narrating a prophecy focused on the future of the kingdom of England and everything that will occur with priests, moneylenders, pimps etc.


 * EDMUND:**

“This courtesy, forbid thee, shall the duke Instantly know, and of that letter too. This seems a fair deserving, and must draw me That which my father loses—no less than all. The younger rises when the old doth fall.” (3.4.25).


 * Characterization:** This passage spoken by Edmund reflects his characterization and his true self. In this portion of Act 3 the reader can observe how Edmund is always driven by is desire for more power and money and is always willing to betray someone for his own good. The author can also observe how Edmund is a hypocrite and always allies with the person that will benefit him more.

LEAR: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! Rage, blow! You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout Till you have drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! You sulfurous and thought-executing fires, Vaunt-couriers of oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head! And thou, all-shaking thunder, Smite flat the thick rotundity o' th' world, Crack nature’s molds, all germens spill at once That make ingrateful man! (3.2.1-11) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">--What King Lear is telling is a hyperbole because it is exaggerating first how the strength of the wind is. Second because he is telling that the wind is like a tornado. Third because the trees are huge and big. Spark notes __No Fear Shakespeare__: []
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1-

2- KENT <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">     Alack, bareheaded? Gracious my lord, hard by here is a hovel. Some friendship will it lend you 'gainst the tempest. Repose you there, while I to this hard house— More harder than the stones whereof ’tis raised, Which even but now, demanding after you, Denied me to come in—return, and force Their scanted courtesy. (3.2.65-72) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt;"> -- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Shakespeare is trying to demonstrate what kind of person is Kent caring for King lear by characterization. Spark notes __No Fear Shakespeare__: [] 3- CORNWALL <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Leave him to my displeasure.—Edmund, keep you our sister company. The revenges we are bound to take upon your traitorous father are not fit for your beholding. Advise the duke where you are going, to a most festinate preparation. We are bound to the like. Our posts shall be swift and intelligent betwixt us.—Farewell, dear sister. //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(to //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> EDMUND//)// Farewell, my lord of Gloucester (3.7.7-14) --This is an example of characterization because Cornwall is showing his battle side he is convinced that he will fight. Spark notes __No Fear Shakespeare__: []
 * elizabeth mourra